1. Introduction Plants form the foundation of human food systems and are essential components of life-support strategies for future long-duration space missions. However, terrestrial plant evolution has occurred entirely under…
1. Introduction Horticultural crops are highly sensitive to environmental fluctuations, making them vulnerable to climatic stresses such as high temperatures, frost, drought, heavy rainfall, and increased pest and disease incidence…
1. Introduction Agriculture remains the primary livelihood source for a large proportion of rural households, particularly in developing countries where small and marginal farmers dominate the farming landscape. The econtinuous…
1. Introduction Plant reproductive development represents one of the most complex and finely regulated phases of the plant life cycle, encompassing a series of coordinated events such as floral transition,…
1. Introduction Fruit crops occupy a central position in global horticulture due to their nutritional value, economic importance, and contribution to food and livelihood security. Temperate fruit crops such as…