The evolution of wireless communication systems has transformed global connectivity, with 5G currently enabling massive machine-type communications, enhanced mobile broadband, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. However, emerging applications such as holographic telepresence, autonomous systems, tactile internet, and ubiquitous artificial intelligence demand capabilities beyond the scope of 5G. Sixth-generation (6G) and beyond wireless networks aim to deliver ultra-reliable, low-latency, and secure connectivity, operating across terahertz (THz) bands, integrating with satellite systems, and powered by artificial intelligence for intelligent network orchestration. This paper explores the engineering pathways toward 6G and beyond, addressing enabling technologies, challenges, security considerations, and societal implications.