Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, posing unprecedented challenges to global infrastructure. Rising sea levels, devastating floods, prolonged droughts, and stronger earthquakes necessitate a paradigm shift in engineering design, construction, and urban planning. Resilient infrastructure is not merely about surviving shocks but about adapting, recovering, and sustaining functionality under adverse conditions. This paper explores engineering strategies for flood-resistant buildings, seismic-resilient structures, and adaptive urban planning as critical pathways to safeguard communities and economies. It highlights innovative design methods, material science breakthroughs, and policy frameworks while also addressing socio-economic and environmental dimensions. By integrating engineering innovation with sustainability and resilience principles, the paper outlines a roadmap for developing climate-adaptive infrastructure capable of withstanding future uncertainties.