Macroeconomic policy—encompassing monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate strategies—plays a central role in shaping the stability, performance, and evolution of modern financial systems. In recent decades, financial markets have become increasingly interconnected, technology-driven, and sensitive to both domestic and global policy decisions. This article provides a comprehensive review of how macroeconomic policy influences financial systems, examining the effects of inflation management, interest rate adjustments, fiscal interventions, debt dynamics, and currency policies. It also explores emerging challenges such as financialization, global capital mobility, digital finance, and the interaction between macroeconomic decisions and systemic risk. The review highlights that while macroeconomic policy is crucial for promoting stability and growth, its effectiveness is constrained by structural vulnerabilities, geopolitical uncertainty, and accelerating technological change. Coordinated, transparent, and adaptive policy frameworks are essential to ensuring resilient and inclusive financial systems.