Mathematical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Algorithms, Optimization Techniques, and Real-World Applications

Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century, fundamentally changing the way humans interact with data, machines, and decision-making systems. From healthcare…

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Fuzzy Logic, Soft Computing, and Intelligent Decision-Making Systems: Recent Advances and Practical Applications

Introduction Modern engineering and scientific systems increasingly operate under conditions characterized by uncertainty, incomplete information, nonlinear relationships, and dynamic environments. Conventional computational methods based on precise mathematical models and binary…

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