1. Introduction Tourism has become an essential driver of economic growth and social development across the world. According to international estimates, the tourism industry contributes substantially to global gross domestic…
1. Introduction The global horticulture industry relies heavily on soilless growing media to achieve consistent crop quality, high yields, and efficient resource use. Among these substrates, peat-based growing media have…
1. Introduction Water pollution has become one of the most critical environmental problems affecting public health, biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and sustainable economic development. Rapid industrial expansion, mining activities, pharmaceutical manufacturing,…
1. Introduction Rapid industrial growth, expanding urban populations, and intensive agricultural activities have significantly increased environmental pollution worldwide. Large quantities of heavy metals, synthetic dyes, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, antibiotics, petroleum…
Introduction Horticultural crops play a vital role in global agriculture by contributing significantly to human nutrition, health, income generation, and employment. Fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, spices, and plantation crops provide essential…