1. Introduction Mountain ecosystems are among the most environmentally sensitive systems in the world because relatively small changes in temperature, precipitation, land use, or human pressure can produce significant ecological…
Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop in the world and in the region, not only for its yield, but also its biomass productivity, as it is…
1. Introduction Agriculture is facing a combination of interconnected challenges, including declining soil fertility, soil erosion, loss of soil organic matter, nutrient imbalance, water scarcity, biodiversity loss and increasing climatic…
Introduction : A large amount of wastewater from textile industries, containing dyes enter into water bodies as effulents. These dyes are hazardous to biotic as well as abiotic life. Some…
1. Introduction The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased dramatically over recent decades, becoming the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer,…
1.Introduction Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a strategic crop of importance in Iraq due to its diverse uses in food, fodder, and industry, and its relative tolerance to drought and…
1. Introduction Plant biodiversity forms the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability, ecosystem productivity, and human well-being. Plants regulate essential ecosystem processes, including…
1. Introduction Environmental pollution caused by rapid industrialization, urban expansion, mining activities, and intensive agricultural practices has significantly affected natural resources and agricultural ecosystems across the world. Continuous release of…
ABSTRACT Healthy and rotten pumpkin fruits were randomly purchased from two different markets in Ado-Ekiti and Iworoko- Ekiti, Ekiti state. Four fungal pathogens namely: Aspergillus flavus, Phytophtora capsici, Rhizopus stolonifer…
1. Introduction Environmental pollution has become one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Rapid industrial development, urban expansion, mining activities, intensive agriculture, pharmaceutical production, textile manufacturing,…