1. Introduction Plant biodiversity forms the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability, ecosystem productivity, and human well-being. Plants regulate essential ecosystem processes, including…
1. Introduction Climate change represents one of the greatest global environmental challenges, influencing nearly every component of the Earth's natural systems. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions resulting from industrialization, fossil fuel…
1. Introduction Climate change has become one of the most significant drivers of global environmental change, affecting biological systems across all levels of ecological organization. Human-induced greenhouse gas emissions resulting…
1. Introduction Climate change has emerged as one of the most consequential environmental and socioeconomic challenges of the twenty-first century, profoundly altering Earth's climate system and threatening the sustainability of…
1. Introduction Horticulture plays a vital role in global food and nutritional security by supplying fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and dietary fiber [1]. However, horticultural crops…
1. Introduction Climate change is increasingly recognized as one of the most significant environmental and public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Global warming resulting from increased greenhouse gas emissions…
1. Introduction Tourism has become an essential driver of economic growth and social development across the world. According to international estimates, the tourism industry contributes substantially to global gross domestic…
Introduction Horticultural crops play a vital role in global agriculture by contributing significantly to human nutrition, health, income generation, and employment. Fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, spices, and plantation crops provide essential…