1. Introduction Mountain ecosystems are among the most environmentally sensitive systems in the world because relatively small changes in temperature, precipitation, land use, or human pressure can produce significant ecological…
1. Introduction Plant biodiversity forms the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability, ecosystem productivity, and human well-being. Plants regulate essential ecosystem processes, including…
1. Introduction Climate change represents one of the greatest global environmental challenges, influencing nearly every component of the Earth's natural systems. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions resulting from industrialization, fossil fuel…