1. Introduction Environmental pollution has become one of the most significant global challenges due to rapid industrial development, urban expansion, agricultural intensification, and increasing consumption of synthetic chemicals. Industrial wastewater,…
1. Introduction Water pollution has become one of the most critical environmental problems affecting public health, biodiversity, agricultural productivity, and sustainable economic development. Rapid industrial expansion, mining activities, pharmaceutical manufacturing,…
1. Introduction Rapid industrial growth, expanding urban populations, and intensive agricultural activities have significantly increased environmental pollution worldwide. Large quantities of heavy metals, synthetic dyes, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, antibiotics, petroleum…