1.0 Introduction Freshwater ecosystems support diverse biological communities and provide essential ecological and socioeconomic services, including fisheries, food production and livelihoods. Fish constitute an important component of these ecosystems but…
INTRODUCTION Fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein worldwide and contributes substantially to global food and nutritional security. It provides high-quality proteins containing all essential amino…
1.0 Introduction Aquatic environments constitute critical components of the global biosphere, supporting ecological processes, food security, biodiversity maintenance, and socioeconomic activities. These ecosystems provide habitats for diverse aquatic organisms while…
Introduction Air pollution has emerged as one of the most critical environmental challenges globally, with significant implications for human health, ecosystem integrity, and sustainable development. In developing regions, particularly oil-producing…
INTRODUCTION Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) are one of the few waterfowl species, and one of only two goose species with a circum-arctic breeding distribution [3]. This goose measures 66–86…
Introduction Coal-based thermal power plants remain a primary energy source in our country and are expected to continue for decades. The massive scale of production creates significant disposal challenges for…