1. Introduction Agriculture plays a fundamental role in ensuring global food security, supporting livelihoods, and sustaining economic development. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides over the past…
Introduction Vaccines and vaccination remain two of the greatest success stories in public health, as they have drastically reduced the incidence and mortality rates due to infectious diseases on a…
Introduction Algae, encompassing both microalgae and macroalgae, have gained significant attention in recent decades as a promising biomass resource for sustainable production of bioactive molecules and renewable energy. Microalgae are…
1. Introduction Plants are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, heavy metal toxicity, and pathogen attacks. These biotic and abiotic…
1. Introduction Recently, cancer therapy has shifted dramatically from non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy toward precision medicine that targets molecular aberrations within tumors. Molecularly targeted agents disrupt oncogenic proteins or signaling pathways…