1. Introduction Radiation exposure has become an increasingly important public health issue as modern society relies heavily on radiation-based technologies in medicine, industry, energy production, and scientific research. Humans are…
1. Introduction Plants are continuously exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiencies, heavy metal toxicity, and pathogen attacks. These biotic and abiotic…
Introduction Neonatal jaundice is one of the most frequently encountered clinical conditions in newborn nurseries, primarily due to elevated serum bilirubin levels exceeding 5 mg/dL. While often benign and self-limiting,…
1. Introduction Recently, cancer therapy has shifted dramatically from non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy toward precision medicine that targets molecular aberrations within tumors. Molecularly targeted agents disrupt oncogenic proteins or signaling pathways…
Introduction Environmental contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons remains a critical global challenge, particularly in developing countries where industrial and domestic activities increasingly introduce toxic organic pollutants into natural water bodies [1].…
Introduction Global agricultural productivity is severely constrained by plant diseases, which account for significant annual yield losses worldwide. Early detection is essential to prevent epidemic spread and reduce economic damage.…