1. Introduction Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most transformative and interdisciplinary fields of modern science, enabling the manipulation and control of materials at the nanoscale (1–100 nm). At…
1. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs but may also involve other organs of the body. According to…
1. Introduction Metabolic diseases have emerged as one of the most pressing public health concerns worldwide. The rapid increase in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver…
Introduction Globalization, climate change, and increased human movement have greatly facilitated the worldwide spread of highly invasive species [1]. Among these, arthropods are particularly important as they serve as…
Introduction Man has used diverse portions of plants in the prevention and treatment of many illnesses since the dawn of time [1]. The concept of generating medications from plants used…
1. Introduction Metabolic muscle disorders, collectively referred to as metabolic myopathies, represent a diverse group of inherited or acquired conditions in which defects occur in biochemical pathways responsible for energy…
Introduction Vaccines and vaccination remain two of the greatest success stories in public health, as they have drastically reduced the incidence and mortality rates due to infectious diseases on a…
Introduction Algae, encompassing both microalgae and macroalgae, have gained significant attention in recent decades as a promising biomass resource for sustainable production of bioactive molecules and renewable energy. Microalgae are…
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1. Introduction Radiation exposure has become an increasingly important public health issue as modern society relies heavily on radiation-based technologies in medicine, industry, energy production, and scientific research. Humans are…