1.Introduction Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a strategic crop of importance in Iraq due to its diverse uses in food, fodder, and industry, and its relative tolerance to drought and…
1. Introduction Plant biodiversity forms the foundation of terrestrial ecosystems and plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological stability, ecosystem productivity, and human well-being. Plants regulate essential ecosystem processes, including…
1. Introduction Environmental pollution caused by rapid industrialization, urban expansion, mining activities, and intensive agricultural practices has significantly affected natural resources and agricultural ecosystems across the world. Continuous release of…
ABSTRACT Healthy and rotten pumpkin fruits were randomly purchased from two different markets in Ado-Ekiti and Iworoko- Ekiti, Ekiti state. Four fungal pathogens namely: Aspergillus flavus, Phytophtora capsici, Rhizopus stolonifer…
1. Introduction Environmental pollution has become one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century. Rapid industrial development, urban expansion, mining activities, intensive agriculture, pharmaceutical production, textile manufacturing,…
INTRODUCTION Wetlands are renowned for their ecosystem services such as purifying polluted water, remediating storm water and supporting diverse wildlife communities. It is therefore referred to any geographical area with…
Introduction Hydroponics is considered one of the most important modern and innovative methods for meeting the growing need for food, addressing global hunger, and offering new solutions to traditional agriculture.…
1. INTRODUCTION Heterocyclic compounds constitute a significant class of organic molecules due to their widespread occurrence in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Among these, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles have…
1.0. Introduction The education in Nigeria and some other Sub-Saharan countries remains deeply unequal, where some, such as Nigeria still faces a learning deficiency, and only about 42% of boys…
Introduction: Calceolariaceae Raf. ex Olmstead family records two genera (Calceolaria L. and Jovellana Ruiz & Pav.) across Subtropical & South America to Falkland Islands and also New Zealand, Chile. Calceolaria…